Calculation Policy

Our Calculation Policy sets out the strategies we use to teach addition, subtraction, multiplication and division across each stage of a child’s development.

We follow a structured approach that supports children as they move from using hands-on resources to working with numbers in abstract ways. This is known as the Concrete–Pictorial–Abstract (CPA) approach:

• Concrete: Children begin by using physical objects (like counters, cubes or place value equipment) to explore mathematical ideas.
• Pictorial: They then move on to drawing pictures or using visual models (such as bar models or number lines) to represent their thinking.
• Abstract: Finally, children use numbers and symbols to solve problems and explain their reasoning.

This progression helps children build strong foundations, understand the ‘why’ behind the methods and apply their learning with confidence.